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In my view, the Christian religion is the most important and one of the first things in which all children, under a free government ought to be instructed... No truth is more evident to my mind than that the Christian religion must be the basis of any government intended to secure the rights and privileges of a free people.
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1828 Noah Webster Dictionary
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black

BLACK, a.

1. Of the color of night; destitute of light; dark.

2. Darkened by clouds; as the heavens black with clouds.

3. Sullen; having a cloudy look or countenance.

4. Atrociously wicked; horrible; as a black deed or crime.

5. Dismal; mournful; calamitous.

Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue.

BLACK, n. That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good black.

1. A negro; a person whose skin is black.

2. A black dress, or mourning; as, to be clothed in black.

BLACK, v.t. To make black; to blacken; to soil.




Evolution (or devolution) of this word [black]

1828 Webster1844 Webster1913 Webster

BLACK, a.

1. Of the color of night; destitute of light; dark.

2. Darkened by clouds; as the heavens black with clouds.

3. Sullen; having a cloudy look or countenance.

4. Atrociously wicked; horrible; as a black deed or crime.

5. Dismal; mournful; calamitous.

Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue.

BLACK, n. That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good black.

1. A negro; a person whose skin is black.

2. A black dress, or mourning; as, to be clothed in black.

BLACK, v.t. To make black; to blacken; to soil.


BLACK, a. [Sax. blac, and blæc, black, pale, wan, livid; blacian, blæcan, to become pale, to turn white, to become black, to blacken; blæc, ink; Sw. blek, pale, wan, livid; bleck, ink; bleka, to insolate, to expose to the sun, or to bleach; also to lighten, to flash; D. bleek, pale; bleeken, to bleach; G. bleich, pale, wan, bleak; bleichen, to bleach; Dan. blæk, ink; bleeg, pale, wan, bleak, sallow; bleeger, to bleach. It is remarkable that black, bleak and bleach, are all radically one word. The primary sense seems to be, pale, wan or sallow, from which has proceeded the present variety of significations.]

  1. Of the color of night; destitute of light; dark.
  2. Darkened by clouds; as, the heavens black with clouds.
  3. Sullen; having a cloudy look or countenance. – Shak.
  4. Atrociously wicked; horrible; as, a black deed or crime. – Dryden.
  5. Dismal; mournful; calamitous. – Shak. Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue.

BLACK, n.

  1. That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good black.
  2. A negro; a person whose skin is black.
  3. A black dress, or mourning; as, to be clothed in black.

BLACK, v.t.

To make black; to blacken; to soil. – Boyle.


Black
  1. Destitute of light, or incapable of reflecting it; of the color of soot or coal; of the darkest or a very dark color, the opposite of white; characterized by such a color; as, black cloth; black hair or eyes.

    O night, with hue so black!
    Shak.

  2. Sullenly; threateningly; maliciously; so as to produce blackness.
  3. That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good black.

    Black is the badge of hell,
    The hue of dungeons, and the suit of night.
    Shak.

  4. To make black] to blacken; to soil; to sully.

    They have their teeth blacked, both men and women, for they say a dog hath his teeth white, therefore they will black theirs.
    Hakluyt.

    Sins which black thy soul.
    J. Fletcher.

  5. In a less literal sense: Enveloped or shrouded in darkness; very dark or gloomy; as, a black night; the heavens black with clouds.

    I spy a black, suspicious, threatening cloud.
    Shak.

  6. A black pigment or dye.
  7. To make black and shining, as boots or a stove, by applying blacking and then polishing with a brush.
  8. Fig.: Dismal, gloomy, or forbidding, like darkness; destitute of moral light or goodness; atrociously wicked; cruel; mournful; calamitous; horrible.

    "This day's black fate." "Black villainy." "Arise, black vengeance." "Black day." "Black despair." Shak.
  9. A negro; a person whose skin is of a black color, or shaded with black; esp. a member or descendant of certain African races.
  10. A black garment or dress; as, she wears black

    ; pl. (Ob
  11. Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening; sullen; foreboding; as, to regard one with black looks.

    * Black is often used in self-explaining compound words; as, black-eyed, black-faced, black-haired, black- visaged.

    Black act, the English statute 9 George I, which makes it a felony to appear armed in any park or warren, etc., or to hunt or steal deer, etc., with the face blackened or disguised. Subsequent acts inflicting heavy penalties for malicious injuries to cattle and machinery have been called black acts. -- Black angel (Zoöl.), a fish of the West Indies and Florida (Holacanthus tricolor), with the head and tail yellow, and the middle of the body black. -- Black antimony (Chem.), the black sulphide of antimony, Sb2S3, used in pyrotechnics, etc. -- Black bear (Zoöl.), the common American bear (Ursus Americanus). -- Black beast. See Bête noire. -- Black beetle (Zoöl.), the common large cockroach (Blatta orientalis). -- Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue. "To pinch the slatterns black and blue." Hudibras. -- Black bonnet (Zoöl.), the black-headed bunting (Embriza Schœniclus) of Europe. -- Black canker, a disease in turnips and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar. -- Black cat (Zoöl.), the fisher, a quadruped of North America allied to the sable, but larger. See Fisher. -- Black cattle, any bovine cattle reared for slaughter, in distinction from dairy cattle. [Eng.] -- Black cherry. See under Cherry. -- Black cockatoo (Zoöl.), the palm cockatoo. See Cockatoo. -- Black copper. Same as Melaconite. -- Black currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Black diamond. (Min.) See Carbonado. -- Black draught (Med.), a cathartic medicine, composed of senna and magnesia. -- Black drop (Med.), vinegar of opium; a narcotic preparation consisting essentially of a solution of opium in vinegar. -- Black earth, mold; earth of a dark color. Woodward. -- Black flag, the flag of a pirate, often bearing in white a skull and crossbones; a signal of defiance. -- Black flea (Zoöl.), a flea beetle (Haltica nemorum) injurious to turnips. -- Black flux, a mixture of carbonate of potash and charcoal, obtained by deflagrating tartar with half its weight of niter. Brande *** C. -- Black fly. (Zoö]l.) (a) In the United States, a small, venomous, two-winged fly of the genus Simulium of several species, exceedingly abundant and troublesome in the northern forests. The larvæ are aquatic. (b) A black plant louse, as the bean aphis (A. fabæ). -- Black Forest [a translation of G. Schwarzwald], a forest in Baden and Würtemburg, in Germany; a part of the ancient Hercynian forest. -- Black game, or Black grouse. (Zoöl.) See Blackcock, Grouse, and Heath grouse. -- Black grass (Bot.), a grasslike rush of the species Juncus Gerardi, growing on salt marshes, and making good hay. -- Black gum (Bot.), an American tree, the tupelo or pepperidge. See Tupelo. -- Black Hamburg (grape) (Bot.), a sweet and juicy variety of dark purple or "black" grape. -- Black horse (Zoöl.), a fish of the Mississippi valley (Cycleptus elongatus), of the sucker family; the Missouri sucker. -- Black lemur (Zoöl.), the Lemurniger of Madagascar; the acoumbo of the natives. -- Black list, a list of persons who are for some reason thought deserving of censure or punishment; -- esp. a list of persons stigmatized as insolvent or untrustworthy, made for the protection of tradesmen or employers. See Blacklist, v. t. -- Black manganese (Chem.), the black oxide of manganese, MnO2. -- Black Maria, the close wagon in which prisoners are carried to or from jail. -- Black martin (Zoöl.), the chimney swift. See Swift. -- Black moss (Bot.), the common so-called long moss of the southern United States. See Tillandsia. -- Black oak. See under Oak. -- Black ocher. See Wad. -- Black pigment, a very fine, light carbonaceous substance, or lampblack, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printers' ink. It is obtained by burning common coal tar. -- Black plate, sheet iron before it is tinned. Knight. -- Black quarter, malignant anthrax with engorgement of a shoulder or quarter, etc., as of an ox. -- Black rat (Zoöl.), one of the species of rats (Mus rattus), commonly infesting houses. -- Black rent. See Blackmail, n., 3. -- Black rust, a disease of wheat, in which a black, moist matter is deposited in the fissures of the grain. -- Black sheep, one in a family or company who is unlike the rest, and makes trouble. -- Black silver. (Min.) See under Silver. -- Black and tan, black mixed or spotted with tan color or reddish brown; -- used in describing certain breeds of dogs. -- Black tea. See under Tea. -- Black tin (Mining), tin ore (cassiterite), when dressed, stamped and washed, ready for smelting. It is in the form of a black powder, like fine sand. Knight. -- Black walnut. See under Walnut. -- Black warrior (Zoöl.), an American hawk (Buteo Harlani).

    Syn. -- Dark; murky; pitchy; inky; somber; dusky; gloomy; swart; Cimmerian; ebon; atrocious.

  12. The part of a thing which is distinguished from the rest by being black.

    The black or sight of the eye.
    Sir K. Digby.

  13. A stain; a spot; a smooch.

    Defiling her white lawn of chastity with ugly blacks of lust.
    Rowley.

    Black and white, writing or print; as, I must have that statement in black and white. -- Blue black, a pigment of a blue black color. -- Ivory black, a fine kind of animal charcoal prepared by calcining ivory or bones. When ground it is the chief ingredient of the ink used in copperplate printing. -- Berlin black. See under Berlin.

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Black

BLACK, adjective

1. Of the color of night; destitute of light; dark.

2. Darkened by clouds; as the heavens black with clouds.

3. Sullen; having a cloudy look or countenance.

4. Atrociously wicked; horrible; as a black deed or crime.

5. Dismal; mournful; calamitous.

BLACK and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, which is accompanied with a mixture of blue.

BLACK, noun That which is destitute of light or whiteness; the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; as, a cloth has a good black

1. A negro; a person whose skin is black

2. A black dress, or mourning; as, to be clothed in black

BLACK, verb transitive To make black; to blacken; to soil.

BLACK'-ACT, noun [black and act.] The English statute 9.Geo.I. which makes it felony to appear armed in any park or warren, etc., or

to hunt or steal deer, etc., with the face blacked or disguised.

BLACK'-BALL, noun [black and ball.] A composition for blacking shoes.

BLACK'-BALL, verb transitive To reject or negative in choosing, by putting black balls into a ballot-box.

BLACK'-BAR, noun [black and bar.] A plea obliging the plaintiff to assign the place of trespass.

BLACK'-BERRY, noun The berry of the bramble or rubus; a popular name applied, in different places, to different species, or varieties of this fruit.

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Word of the Day

importance

IMPORT'ANCE, n.

1. Weight; consequence; a bearing on some interest; that quality of any thing by which it may affect a measure, interest or result. The education of youth is of great importance to a free government. A religious education is of infinite importance to every human being.

2. Weight or consequence in the scale of being.

Thy own importance know.

Nor bound thy narrow views to things below.

3. Weight or consequence in self-estimation.

He believes himself a man of importance.

4. Thing implied; matter; subject; importunity. [In these senses, obsolete.]

Random Word

unchurch

UNCHURCH', v.t. To expel from a church; to deprive of the character and rights of a church.

Noah's 1828 Dictionary

First dictionary of the American Language!

Noah Webster, the Father of American Christian education, wrote the first American dictionary and established a system of rules to govern spelling, grammar, and reading. This master linguist understood the power of words, their definitions, and the need for precise word usage in communication to maintain independence. Webster used the Bible as the foundation for his definitions.

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